1. On the distinction between proverbs and idioms (Verónica Vivanco)
  2. What is a Proverb? Theoretical Remarks (Munira Jamal, M.A.)
  3. A Slovak View of Proverbs (Frances Bathgate)

 

On the distinction between proverbs and idioms

(Verónica Vivanco)

Phraseology and idiomatics are branches of linguistic closely related which deal, respectively, with proverbs and idioms.
Whereas Searle´s advices to “speak idiomatically unless there is some special reason not to” (Searle 1979, 50), in Spain a wide group of linguists claim that the use of proverbs and idioms is not advisable. The reason for this counsel is that they are generalizations of both knowledge and linguistic expression. In relation to other languages, Cermák (1998) says that proverbs have a high index of use and that the 80 % of them are prototypical, since they are used as general statements expressing accepted truth and shared experience.
Phraseology represents a field of lexicology dealing with grammaticalized lexis which has only recently been recognized as a branch of study on its own right. The problems in establishing the limits of phraseology are related, on one hand, to its synchronic and diachronic variations (Moon 1998; Giegerich 2004), and, on the other hand, to the most opaque and fixed ones and, also, to the most transparent and variable ones (Cowie 1998: 4-7; Howarth 1998: 168-171; Gross 1996: 78) in relation to teaching, ...
>>> On the distinction between proverbs and idioms | English [PDF-File | 103 KB]

 

What is a Proverb? Theoretical Remarks
EnglishWhat is a Proverb? Theoretical Remarks
(Munira Jamal, M.A.)

Introduction
In order to find an adequate definition for proverbs and shed light on proverbial phenomena in general, it is essential to take a closer look at the terms phraseology (the study of phrases) and phraseologism. Phraseology is a branch of linguistics which deals with all kinds of formulaic language and phrasal collocations (a regular combination of words). It is therefore undoubtedly a wide-ranging term. Thus the scholarly term phraseology serves as an umbrella or generic term for sayings, proverbs, idiomatic expressions, set phrases, truisms, aphoristic quotations, and other metaphorical phrases and suchlike. And yet, the scholarly literature holds conflicting views on how the above-mentioned terms may be defined and classified. For our purposes it is, nevertheless, important to note that proverbs in general are considered to be special phraseological units. ...
>>> What is a Proverb (JIP) | English [PDF-File | 118 KB]

GermanWas ist ein Sprichwort? Einige theoretische Anmerkungen
(Munira Jamal, M.A.)

Einleitung
Um sich einer geeigneten Definition für Sprichwörtern zu nähern, ist es unerlässlich, kurz auf die Begriffe Phraseologie (phraseology - the study of phrases) und Phraseologismus einzugehen. Die Phraseologie, die sich mit festen Wortverbindungen sowie formelhafter Sprache (formulaic language) befasst, ist eine Teildisziplin der Linguistik. Der Begriff Phraseologismus ist allerdings ein sehr weit gefasster Begriff und wird in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur von vielen Autoren als Oberbegriff für Termini wie Redewendungen, Redensarten, Routineformeln, Kollokationen, Truismen, Erfahrungssätze, Funktionsverbgefüge, Modellbildungen, Zwillingsformeln, geflügelte Worte, Sprichwörter, Gemeinplätze und dergl. verwendet. In der Phraseologieforschung gibt es unterschiedliche Auffassungen und Auslegungen darüber, wie die genannten Termini im Einzelnen geordnet, klassifiziert und definiert werden sollen. Bedeutsam für das vorliegende Projekt ist die Information, dass Sprichwörter wie auch die so genannten Gemeinplätze in der Phraseologie unter die satzwertigen Formulierungen subsumiert werden. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es unerlässlich zu erwähnen, dass die Sprichwortforschung keineswegs nur innerhalb der Phraseologie stattfindet. ie findet vor allem in der Volkskunde, die eine vergleichsweise viel längere Tradition aufweist, statt. So geht es in der Parömiologie (paremiology; paremia=proverb), die diesen Wissenschaftszweig bezeichnet, insbesondere darum, "die Herkunft des Sprichwortes, seine ‚Wanderungen', die Einbettung in sachkundliche, kultur- und sozialhistorische Zusammenhänge" zu ergründen (Burger 2003, S. 101). ...
>>> Was ist ein Sprichwort (JIP) | German [PDF-File | 130 KB]

 

A Slovak View of Proverbs
EnglishA Slovak View of Proverbs
(Frances Bathgate)

'From proverbs pours wisdom' (Svetozár Hurban Vajanský, Slovak writer and literary critic)
The Slovak language distinguishes between 'prislovia', which are proverbs (maxims) with an ethical or didactic message, and 'porekladla' which have a weaker moral message but express generally accepted truths.
The famous Slovak translator and author Dr. Blahoslav He?ko in his book 'Do Not Cast Your Pearls Before Swine' describes proverbs as 'the pearls of the language', combining meaning, form and sound. 'Externally they are characterised by brevity, density, pithiness and conciseness, and internally by a poetic approach to language, wit, far-sightedness and metaphor.' (Hecko, 2005, p. v) ...

>>> A Slovak View of Proverbs | English [PDF-File | 72 KB]
SlovakA Slovak View of Proverbs
(Frances Bathgate)

"Z porekadiel múdros? vlaje" (Svetozár Hurban Vajanský)
V sloven?ine je rozdiel medzi pojmom "príslovia", ktoré majú etický a didaktický charakter a "porekadlá", ktoré majú slabší morálny character, ale sú prejavom všeobecnej pravdy.
Známy Slovenský prekladate? a autor Dr. Blahoslav He?ko vo svojej knihe "Nehádžte perly sviniam" píše, že príslovia a porekadlá sú: "perly re?i", kde nájdeme kontrapunkt významu, tvaru a zvuku. "Ich vonkajšou charateristikou je stru?nos?, zhustenos?, lapidárnos? a koncíznos?. Ich vnútornou charakteristikou je poetickos?, vtipnos?, nadsázka a metaforickos?" (He?ko, 2005 str. V). ...

>>> A Slovak View of Proverbs | Slovak [PDF-File | 72 KB]